Monday, March 22, 2010

Werk van die Heilige Gees (03): Inleidende studie oor genadegawes

DIE GAWES VAN DIE GEES
Genadegawes (Gr.: charismata χαρισμάτα )
Lees 1Kor 12.
6.1 Wie gee die gawes?
6.2 Kan mens besluit watter gawes jy wil hê? (vv 11 en 18)
6.3 Wie ontvang gawes van die Here? (v7. Vgl ook Ef 4:7)
6.4 Waarom is daar ‘n verskeidenheid van gawes?
Wat sê dit van die eenheid van die liggaam van Christus? (1Kor 12:4-6)
6.5 Hoekom het almal nie dieselfde gawes ontvang nie? (v27. Vgl ook Rm 12:5)
6.6 Waarvoor is die genadegawes bedoel? (Vergelyk ook 1Pt 4:10; Ef 4:11-12)
6.7 Wat is die verband tussen genadegawes en (natuurlike) aanleg? (Rm 12:6-8)
‘n Nadink vraag: Wat dink jy is die doel van hierdie hoofstuk in die Bybel?

Oorsig oor 1 Kor 12
(Geneem uit:Richards, L., & Richards, L. O. 1987. The teacher's commentary. Includes index. Victor Books: Wheaton)
One of the problems in Corinth focused on spiritual gifts, and their relationship to spirituality. Today too similar questions surface, and similar confusion exists. Yet in this three-chapter section of 1 Corinthians Paul provided clear teaching. For instance, our study of 1 Corinthians 12–14 will tell us which of the following are true and which are false—and explain why!
• T or F? The more important the spiritual gift, the more mature and spiritual the person.
• T or F? The major evidence of the Holy Spirit in a person’s life is his or her ability to speak in tongues.
• T or F? We must ask God for the spiritual gift we want.
• T or F? A person “under the influence” of the Spirit can’t help shouting out.
• T or F? Some Christians have little to contribute to others.
• T or F? In church meetings, only the pastor should teach, because he’s usually the only one with seminary training.
• T or F? There is no real test for “spirituality.”
• T or F? Some people are more important than others in the church as in every other situation.
If your group members have ever had questions like these, or are uncertain about spiritual gifts and their relationship to Christian spirituality, this study is especially for them!

Kommentaar
It should be very clear by now in our study of 1 Corinthians. The New Testament church was not utopia!
Sometimes we imagine that it was. When we’re plagued by problems in our local congregations, or unhappy about our personal spiritual progress, we long for those early days. We feel that somehow the church has lost its power; we wonder how to recapture those supposed days of constant victory.
Well, the New Testament church was dynamic. The truth, the love, the transformation that marked the Christian fellowship was distinctive in a world that was void of each. But that same trio is meant to characterize the family of God in every age, and in each we must struggle to maintain their balance. The way to victory now as in New Testament times was marked by struggle, setbacks, slow growth, and time. Maturity then as now comes only gradually, and often seems choked out by problems.
Actually, we need not be discouraged if at times our churches are marred by differences, problems, and disputes. Let’s remember that Paul wrote 1 Corinthians when the church was young and vital and alive—and that even a vitally alive congregation will have problems. It is not the absence of problems, but how we deal with them, that determines our continued growth toward the full experience of blessing.
In Paul’s letter, he guides us as well as the Corinthians to this understanding. Paul wanted us to know how to deal with issues that are likely to trouble any local church—including problems that may arise from confusion over tongues.

Agtergrond
Once again, some insight into the first-century world is helpful as we approach what seems to be a very contemporary issue.
Tongues. In the New Testament we first meet tongues in Acts 2, when on the Day of Pentecost the Holy Spirit welded the disciples into a new body, the church. Not only were there miraculous signs of fire and wind but, filled with the Holy Spirit, the disciples began to “speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them” (Acts 2:4).
“How is it,” the observers asked in amazement, “that each of us hears them in his own native language?” (v. 8)
Later, when we meet tongues in Acts, they again seem to be foreign languages (see 10:44–46; 11:17).
Coming to 1 Corinthians, we learn that the tongues-speaker himself did not understand what he was saying unless a person with the gift of interpretation explained. Here interpretation of tongues is identified as a separate gift—a gift often possessed by a fellow believer in the congregation. Tongues, then, was not used evangelistically in the early church to reach outsiders, but was exercised within the family, and then only when an interpreter was present to make the message intelligible to others (1 Cor. 14:28).
Nothing in this passage ruled out tongues as a valid expression of the Holy Spirit’s ministry through one of God’s children. Instead, Paul was concerned in these chapters with putting this rather spectacular gift in perspective.
Cultural context. Perspective was especially important in a place like Corinth. It was universally accepted in the Hellenistic world that some were especially close to the gods. Usually this closeness was supposed to be manifested by trances, ecstatic speech, and other unusual or bizarre forms of behavior. All this was taken as evidence of special spiritual endowment. A person with epilepsy, for instance, was said to have the “divine disease.” The oracles at religious centers were often given drugs to provoke their utterances. The oracle at Delphi, so prominent in the early days of Greece, breathed volcanic fumes from a cleft in the rock of the temple floor, and her unconscious mutterings were then interpreted by the priests.
It is not surprising, given this cultural perspective, that the Christians in Corinth were attracted to the gift of tongues. Nor is it surprising that they thought of such people as especially spiritual.
But their assumptions led to real problems in the Corinthian church. And Paul launched these chapters by challenging the assumptions carried over from paganism. Paul’s very first words were: “Now about spiritual [gifts], brothers, I do not want you to be ignorant” (12:1).
The word “gifts” really should be placed, as I have, in brackets. It is not necessarily implied by the Greek word pneumatikon. As the alternate reading in the Revised Standard Version suggests, it might as well be rendered “spiritual persons.” This probably better reflects the issue that troubled the Corinthians. It was the issue of spirituality itself, and how spirituality is expressed in Christian experience.
We need to remember that the Corinthians were pagans just a short time ago, “somehow or other … influenced and led astray to dumb idols” (v. 2). It was dangerous for them to carry over into the Christian faith old notions about spirituality! But apparently they had been so influenced by the old assumptions that when someone in an ecstatic trance had pronounced an anathema (“be accursed”) against Jesus Himself, a few of the Corinthians had actually been swayed! They had taken the state of the person making the utterance as evidence of divine inspiration!
Paul said firmly that no one could say, “Jesus be cursed,” by the Spirit of God. Neither would anyone caught up in such an experience (as were the oracles of pagan faiths) ever announce, “Jesus is Lord,” unless indwelt by the Holy Spirit. The state of the speaker was not to be taken as evidence of inspiration or of spirituality!
Paul dealt with this issue because there was then, as now, a great danger that in their ignorance some Christians would be led away from true spirituality by an unwarranted emphasis on this more spectacular manifestation of the Spirit. In his argument Paul did not attack the gift of tongues, or reject it. Rather he gave a lengthy explanation of how the Spirit does work in our lives, and in our churches.

Die argument: 1 Kor 12–14
Our insight into backgrounds helps us entitle this important section of 1 Corinthians, and also helps us trace the apostle’s train of thought. A paraphrase condenses the argument, and makes it more clear.
True Spirituality
1 Corinthians 12–14
Brothers, don’t view spirituality from your old pagan perspective. God is at work in all of us, but the Spirit’s work is manifest in different ways. Yet, it is the Spirit who shows Himself behind each gift, and these expressions of His presence are dedicated to our common good. (Just how He works in each individual is His choice.)
Actually, we Christians are the body of Christ, many parts united in one. Like parts of the human body, we each have our own functions, as a “hand” or “foot” or “eye” or “ear.” And we’re each necessary; no one contribution should be singled out and exalted. So you’re each in the body, and this is what’s important. But if we were to rank gifts by their importance, tongues would hardly be at the top of the list.
Really, there’s a better way to measure true spirituality: love. No gift profits a person exercising it unless he loves. You want to measure spirituality? Then look to kindness, patience, and those other practical expressions of real love. For it is love that lifts us out of childhood; love is the mark of spiritual maturity.
Focus on love, and realize that the gifts used for communicating God’s Word should have priority when you meet. You see, intelligible speech builds up our brother, and it is such building-up gifts that we should value. So, in church don’t burst out in a tongue unless an interpretation can be given. And don’t misunderstand! I speak in tongues more than you all; I’m not rejecting this gift. But I’d rather speak 5 words that will help someone than 10,000 words in a tongue no one can understand.
So get over your childish preoccupation with tongues. Tongues are certainly not meant to be a sign of special spirituality within the body; as that kind of sign, their only appeal might be to pagans, as an indication of God’s presence.
In church meetings let each one participate—but no more disorderly clamor! Take turns. God’s work is marked by order, and you can control yourselves. As for the women who’ve been disrupting your meetings, they especially need to learn submissiveness. Tell them to be quiet in church and to discuss their questions with their husbands at home.
And if anyone there still wants to claim a “special spirituality,” let him recognize the fact that I speak with God’s own authority. So, brothers, don’t forbid tongues, but do concentrate on communicating God’s Word in your meetings.

Werk van die Heilige Gees (03) Genadegawes

Lees 1 Kor 12. Veral vers 1 - 11.
Nou wat doen die Heilige Gees?
Ons bely dat die Heilige Gees die derde persoon van die Drie-Enige God is. Hy is God wat ‘n persoonlike God is. Hy is nie maar ‘n onpersoonlike krag of mag wat jy kan oproep of manipuleer tot jou voordeel of dalk tot nadeel van iemand anders nie. Want dis towery of heksery – ‘n poging om magte en kragte te manipuleer, sodat jy ‘n mededingende voordeel kan kry. Nee, die Heilige Gees is God.
En ons het gesien dat die kenmerkende van alles wat die Heilige Gees doen is dat Hy lewe gee, uitkoms wanneer daar ‘n doodloopstraat is. Wanneer daar onreg en onheiligheid in jou lewe is wat uiteindelik tot jou dood sal lei, is Hy die Een wat jou begelei in heiligmaking, geloofsgroei, om jou al meer en meer te laat word wat jy in Christus is. Wanneer jy nie meer uitkoms kan sien nie vanweë hartseer of moedeloosheid of groot sonde in jou lewe, dan is Hy die Een wat jou troos, bemoedig en vermaan – oortuig van jou sonde. Wanneer jy so groot leegheid in jou ervaar dan is Hy die Een wat jou vul – Hy woon immers in jou – en terugverwys na die Here Jesus Christus en wat Hy gesê en gedoen het. Hy verheerlik Christus (Jh 14 en 15 en 16).
Iets spesifieks wat die Heilige Gees ook doen is dat Hy genadegawes aan elke gelowige gee. Genadegawes is in Grieks charismata.
Daar is ook ‘n omskrywing van genadegawes of geestesgawes in die nuusbrief:
Genadegawes (Grieks: charismata) is geskenke van God uitgedeel deur die Heilige Gees aan elke gelowige in ooreenstemming met God se wil en uit genade alleen tot voordeel van die liggaam van Christus en tot God se eer.
Daarom is dit belangrik dat ons ons ook vandag verantwoord oor die gawes wat die Here ons skenk. Dis wesensdeel van die werking en fuksionering van die liggaam van Christus – ook van ons as die liggaam van Christus. Daarom staan hier: Wat die gawes van die Gees betref wil ek hê dat julle ingelig moet wees. (1Kor 12:1).
Oningeligtheid was die probleem wat Paulus met die gelowiges in Korinte gehad het. Hulle was onder die invloed van die Griekse en Romeinse godsdienste. Ook genoem paganistiese godsdienste wat ook deesdae weer hier in ons land in die oopte kom en aanhang geniet met hekse wat ingesweer word, sangomas wat al prominenter raak en sulke goed. Die klem in hierdie godsdienste val op die bonatuurlike, die mistieke. Dit wat mense krag gee en die manipulering van kragte en magte. Daarom sal ek ook baie versigtig wees om al die goed wat byvoorbeeld Benny Hinn doen aan die Heilige Gees toe te skryf. Vir die wat nie weet nie, Benny Hinn is een van die leiers of voorlopers van die nuwere Charismatiese beweging hier so vanaf die 1980’s.
In die ou tyd is ekstase en die bonatuurlike dinge hoog aangeskryf in die godsdienste van die Grieke en die Romeine. Omdat die werk en die gawes van die Heilige Gees dikwels wonders te weeg gebring het, het die Korintiërs deurmekaargeraak met die werk van die Heilige Gees en die goed wat as gevolg van die optrede van heidense priesters en priesteresse gebeur het.
Vir die mense wat net op die oog af gekyk het en onkundig was, was dit nie moeilik om die kragtige werkinge ná die uitstorting van die Heilige Gees, te verwar met die bonatuurlike werkinge van die ander godsdienste nie. Wanneer die ander godsdienste se leiers opgetree het en hierdie bonatuurlike dinge het gebeur, het die mense gedink dit moet van God wees.
Soos vandag meen baie mense as só iets gebeur, dan moet dit van God af kom.
Daarom die woorde in die teks: Wat die gawes van die Gees betref wil ek hê dat julle ingelig moet wees.
Letterlik staan hier Wat die dinge van die Gees betref wil ek hê dat julle ingelig moet wees.
Ingelig wees hier is letterlik: nie onkundig wees nie.
In ons wêreld waar alles nog grotendeels met die verstand en rede uitgewerk word en daar min plek gelaat word vir die belewenis van die werking van die Heilige Gees, is dit noodsaaklik om kennis te dra van die Gees se werk in ons.
Ingelig hier beteken om te weet in ooreenstemming met wat God wil. Dis immers wat God hier aan ons openbaar in sy Woord. Hy wil dat ons wéét! Dit beteken ook dat ons dit kan ervaar. Dis nie net met die kop weet nie, maar ook met die hart – om dit maar so te sê.
Kom ons kyk wat die Here ons hier wil leer, wil inlig, oor die dinge van die Heilige Gees.
• Die eerste ding is dat mens nie kan bely dat die Jesus die Here is as die Heilige Gees dit nie vir mens gee nie (v3).
• Die verskeidenheid van gawes word deur dieselfde Gees gegee. Alle ledemate van die liggaam van Christus hoef dus nie dieselfde te wees nie. Daar sal ‘n verskeidenheid van gawes, bedienings en geestelike werkings in gelowiges wees (v4-6).
• Elkeen – elke gelowige – het sulke gawes. Daar is nie een wat kan sê: “Ek het niks ontvang nie” (v7).
• Hierdie gawes is tot voordeel van almal (v7).
• En die Heilige Gees deel dit uit aan elkeen soos Hy wil (v11).
• Daar is eenheid in die verskeidenheid (v12-13). Eenheid beteken dus nie eendersheid nie. En ook beteken verskeidenheid nie verdeeldheid nie.
• Net soos die ledemate van jou liggaam interafhanklik van mekaar is, so is ons met ons gawes interafhanklik van mekaar (v14-20). Ons het almal se gawes dus nodig, daar is niemand wat kan en mag sê dat hy of sy nie nodig is vir die optimale bestaan van die liggaam van Christus – die kerk – nie (vv 21-26).
• Dan sê die Here hier by monde van Paulus, dat mense sal neig om hulle toe te lê op die buitengewone gawes, dit wat die oog vang. Die wondergawes van genesing, praat in tale, uitleg daarvan en wonders. Dit was die probleem waarby Paulus wil uitkom daar in Korinte. Die gelowiges daar het gedink dat praat in ongewone klanke die kenmerk was wat jou onderskei het as gelowige. Baie gelowiges vandag dink ook nogal so. Daar is baie mense wat dink dat wanneer jy in tale praat jy eers werklik ‘n gelowige is. Maar dis nie waar nie. Daarom die woord in v31: Lê julle toe op die beste genadegawes. En wat is die beste? Dit wat die Heilige Gees aan jou uitgedeel het, dis die beste! Wees wat jy is in gehoorsaamheid aan die Here.
En dan werk Paulus dit uit in hfst 14 en sê dat die beste vir die mense in Korinte was dat hulle hulle toelê op die gawe van profesie – om God se wil te wete te kom – as wat hulle ongewone tale praat wat baie werd is vir individuele gelowiges, maar dikwels nie tot stigting is vir almal waar hulle saamkom nie.
• Maar dit wat die Here ons hier leer oor die werking van die Heilige Gees in ons wat sentraal staan, is die liefde. Al doen ek al hierdie wonderlike dinge wat ek geestesgawes of genadegawes noem, en ek openbaar daarmee en daardeur nie die liefde – die vrug van die Heilige Gees nie – dan maak ek geraas soos ‘n leë blik:irriterend en met geen belofte nie. Al gebeur daar die wonderlikste goed in en deur die liggaam van Christus – sonder liefde is dit betekenisloos.

En liefde is verhoudings. Jou verhouding met jou man of vrou, met jou kinders en jou ouers, met jou familie, met jou familie hier in die huisgesin van God. Dis ook jou verhouding met God. Hy wat jou eerste liefgehad het. “God het die wêreld so lief gehad dat Hy sy enigste Seun gegee het, sodat dié wat in Hom glo, nie verlore sal gaan nie maar die ewige lewe sal hê.”
Daarom is liefde in ‘n sin om in ‘n doodloopstraat ‘n pad uit moontlik te maak. As jy ooit wonder oor liefde, dink aan Christus. Wat het Hy kom sê en kom doen. Hy is die verpersoonliking van liefde. Hy het die pad van die liefde geloop en so vir jou kom wys. Soveel dat Hy vrywillig aan die kruis gesterf het sodat jy die lewe kan hê.
Daarom het Hy sy Gees gestuur, om al hierdie dinge – die werkinge van die Gees in ons, die genadegawes – in ons te werk. Dis die boublokke van die liefde. Dis waarmee verhoudings gebou word. Gebruik al jou gawes, alles wat jy ontvang het, om in liefde op te bou.
En hoe moet jy deur God se genade wees om dit reg te kry? Kom ons kyk na 1 Kor 13:4-7:
En vul jou naam maar in by die spasies:
___________ is geduldig, _____________ is vriendelik, nie afgunstig nie, nie grootpraterig nie, nie verwaand nie.
____________ handel nie onwelvoeglik nie, soek nie my eie belang nie, is nie liggeraak nie, hou nie boek van die kwaad nie.
______________ verbly my nie oor onreg nie, maar verheug my oor die waarheid. Ek bedek alles, glo alles, hoop alles, verdra alles.
So is die liefde die een groot gebod, die oorheersende lewensbeginsel, in my gebruik van die presente, die gawes, wat die Here my gegee het.